Incorporating significant editorial changes from earlier editions, the fourth edition of Ludwig Wittgenstein's "Philosophical Investigations" is the definitive "en face" German-English version of the most important work of 20th-century philosophy

The extensively revised English translation incorporates many hundreds of changes to Anscombe's original translation Footnoted remarks in the earlier editions have now been relocated in the text What was previously referred to as 'Part 2' is now republished as "Philosophy of Psychology - A Fragment," and all the remarks in it are numbered for ease of reference New detailed editorial endnotes explain decisions of translators and identify references and allusions in Wittgenstein's original text Now features new essays on the history of the "Philosophical Investigations," and the problems of translating Wittgenstein's text

Written over the last 18 months of his life and inspired by his interest in G. E. Moore's defence of common sense, this much discussed volume collects Wittgenstein's reflections on knowledge and certainty, on what it is to know a proposition for sure.

Incorporating significant editorial changes from earlier editions, the fourth edition of Ludwig Wittgenstein's "Philosophical Investigations" is the definitive "en face" German-English version of the most important work of 20th-century philosophy

The extensively revised English translation incorporates many hundreds of changes to Anscombe's original translationFootnoted remarks in the earlier editions have now been relocated in the textWhat was previously referred to as 'Part 2' is now republished as "Philosophy of Psychology - A Fragment," and all the remarks in it are numbered for ease of referenceNew detailed editorial endnotes explain decisions of translators and identify references and allusions in Wittgenstein's original textNow features new essays on the history of the "Philosophical Investigations," and the problems of translating Wittgenstein's text

This book comprises material on colour which was written by Wittgenstein in the last eighteen months of his life. It is one of the few documents which shows him concentratedly at work on a single philosophical issue. The principal theme is the features of different colours, of different kinds of colour (metallic colour, the colours of flames, etc.) and of luminosity--a theme which Wittgenstein treats in such a way as to destroy the traditional idea that colour is a simple and logically uniform kind of thing.

Long awaited by the scholarly community, Wittgenstein's so-called "Big Typescript" (von Wright Catalog # TS 213) is presented here in an en face English-German scholar's edition.Presents scholar's edition of important material from 1933, Wittgenstein's first efforts to set out his new thoughts after the publication of the "Tractatus Logico Philosophicus"Includes indications to help the reader identify Wittgenstein's numerous corrections, additions, deletions, alternative words and phrasings, suggestions for moves within the text, and marginal comments

In the last years of his life, from 1949 to 1951, Wittgensteina s writings focused upon knowledge and certainty (collected together in On Certainty), upon colour concepts (in Remarks on Colour) and upon the relation between the "inner" and "outer", that is, between so--called mental states and bodily behavior. His writings on this third theme, now available in paperback, are gathered here for the first time. Wittgensteina s last weeks were a period of high creativity during which his thoughts were on a level with the best he ever produced. His variation on the classic philosophical theme of the relation between mind and body is no exception.

Long awaited by the scholarly community, Wittgenstein's so-called "Big Typescript" (von Wright Catalog # TS 213) is presented here in an en face English-German scholar's edition.
Presents scholar's edition of important material from 1933, Wittgenstein's first efforts to set out his new thoughts after the publication of the "Tractatus Logico Philosophicus."

Includes indications to help the reader identify Wittgenstein's numerous corrections, additions, deletions, alternative words and phrasings, suggestions for moves within the text, and marginal comments.

This first volume of Wittgenstein's Last Writings on the Philosophy of Psychology was written between October 1948 and March 1949, when the philosopher had moved to Dublin and was having one of his most fruitful working periods. He then finished work which he had begun in 1946 and which in its entirety constitutes the source material for Part II of the "Philosophical Investigations." When, later in 1949, Wittgenstein composed the manuscript for Part II he selected more than half the remarks for it from the Dublin manuscript.
Although this material is a direct continuation of the writings which make up the two volumes of the Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology it deserves more than they to be regarded as a "preliminary study" for the second part of Wittgenstein's "chef-d'oeuvre."

Completely revised throughout, "Culture and Value" is a selection from Wittgenstein's notebooks -- on the nature of art, religion, culture, and the nature of philosophical activity.

"These two volumes must be welcomed in particular for the illumination they shed ...on Wittgenstein's already published discussions ...the characteristic deluge of examples, analogies, questions and challenges is as ever, maddening, provoking and thought-provoking, and with the earlier-published works they constitute not just the most detailed but also the best treatment of these profoundly important issues." - Kathleen Wilkes, "Times Higher Education Supplement".

Notes from Wittgenstein's small-group, philosophical lectures on aesthetics This book is based on a series of lectures on aesthetics that Ludwig Wittgenstein, an influential Austrian-British philosopher, gave at the University of Cambridge in 1938. Several students took notes during the lectures, which were directed to a small group and later compiled into Ludwig Wittgenstein: Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religious Belief. The book also includes notes from Wittgenstein's discussions on Freud and from his lectures on religion. Philosophy students can gain unique insight into the 20th century philosopher's perspectives on these topics through an exploration of his lectures and conversations.

"Although the final remarks in this volume were written less than a fortnight before Wittgenstein's death, the work as a whole has all the forcefulness, originality and richness that characterise his greatest works. The remarks in this volume do not merely repeat points made elsewhere, nor do they merely supplement works already published. The volume incorporates genuinely new material that does a great deal to reveal both the subtlety of Wittgenstein's thoughts on subjectivity and the logic of psychological concepts, and the workings of his philosophical method." Mind .

Completely revised throughout, "Culture and Value" is a selection from Wittgenstein's notebooks -- on the nature of art, religion, culture, and the nature of philosophical activity.

This substantially revised edition of Wittgenstein's Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics contains one section, an essay of fifty pages, not previously published, as well as considerable additions to others sections. In Parts I, II and III, Wittgenstein discusses amongst other things the idea that all strict reasoning, and so all mathematics, are built on the 'fundamental calculus' which is logic. These parts give the most thorough discussion of Russell's logic. He writes on mathematical proof and the question of where the proofs of mathematics get their force and cogency, if they are not reducible to proofs in logic. Thsi leads him to discuss'contradiction in mathematics' and 'consistency proofs'. He works against the view that there is a sharp division between 'grammatical propositions' and 'empirical prepositions'. He asks us at one point to imagine a people who made no distinction between the applied mathematics and pure mathematics, although they counted and calculated. Could we say they had proofs? Here is a feature of his method which becomes more imporatnt; what Wittgenstein calls, at least half seriously, 'the anthropological method in philosophy'. This emerges in Parts V, VI and VIII. In Part VI, published here for the first time, Wittgenstein brings togeher the view that in mathematics proofs ae 'concept forming' and the view that language and logic and mathematics 'presuppose' common ways of acting and of living among the people who give tham and are convinced by them. Part VIII now has a fuller discussion of difficulties in the notion of 'following a rule' in calculation and the notion of logical necessity.

Zettel is a collection of fragments which Wittgenstein cut from various of his typescripts and preserved for future use. More than half of the fragments were written in the years 1946-1948, after the completion of Part I and before the composition of Part II of the Philosophical Investigations. This collection may therefore be regarded as a companion volume to the Investigations, adding to both the scope and the Unity of Wittgenstein's chef d'oeuvre. The fragments were kept in a box and were not strictly ordered. Many have marks showing changes and improvements made after they were cut from the typescripts: some have remarks added in handwriting. Editing the collection for publication was thus a task of considerable difficulty. Since Zettel was first published, further research has been carried out on the fragments and minute comparisons have been made with their typescript and manuscript sources, revealing certain inaccuracies and misinterpretations in the first editing of the work. The second edition corrects these shortcomings and includes new explanatory footnotes: a detailed index, compiled by Stephen Amdur, has also been added.

Band 2 der "Wiener Ausgabe" enthalt die Manuskriptbande III und IV - MS 107 und 108 des Wittgenstein-Nachlasses. MS 107 befindet sich in der Handschriftensammlung der Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek, Wien, Cod. Ser. n. 22.020, MS 108 im Besitz der Nachlassverwalter, Wren Library, Trinity College, Cambridge. Das in den Jahren 1929/30 entstandene, bisher unveroffentlichte Korpus der "Philosophischen Bemerkungen" umfasst die Bande I - IV, MSS 105 - 108, und die daraus von Wittgenstein diktierte Synopse TS 208. Die Bande I und II sind im Band 1 der "Wiener Ausgabe" enthalten, TS 208 wird im Band 6 der "Wiener Ausgabe" edier

Band 1 der "Wiener Ausgabe" enthalt die Bande I und II - MSS 105 und 106 des Wittgenstein-Nachlasses, die sich in der Handschriftensammlung der Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek, Wien, Cod. Ser. n. 22.018 und 22.019, befinden. Das in den Jahren 1929/30 entstandene, bisher unveroffentlichte Korpus der "Philosophischen Bemerkungen" umfasst die Bande I - IV, MSS 105 - 108, und die daraus von Wittgenstein diktierte Synopse, TS 208. Die Bande III und IV sind im Band 2 der "Wiener Ausgabe" enthalten, TS 208 wird im Band 6 der "Wiener Ausgabe" ediert

Band 5 der "Wiener Ausgabe" enthalt den Manuskriptband IX und den ersten Teil des Manuskriptbandes X, Mss 113 und 114 aus dem literarischen Nachlass von Ludwig Wittgenstein. Ms 113 befindet sich in der Handschriften- und Inkunabelsammlung der Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek, Wien, Cod. Ser. n. 22.022. Ms 114 ist im Besitz der Nachlassverwalter, Wren Library, Trinity College, Cambridge. Den Band "IX. Philosophische Grammatik" hatte Wittgenstein am 27. Mai 1931 in Osterreich begonnen. Das letzte Datum von Band "X. Philosophische Grammatik," das wohl dem letzten Eintrag dieses Korpus entspricht, ist der 5. Juni 1931. Beide Manuskripte werden in der "Wiener Ausgabe" jetzt zum ersten Mal veroffentlicht. Der zweite Teil von Band X enthalt eine "Umarbeitung" des sogenannten Big Typescript aus dem Jahre 1933/34. Er wird zu einem spateren Zeitpunkt veroffentlich

Der dritte Band der "Wiener Ausgabe" enthalt die Manuskriptbande V und VI, Mss 109 und 110 aus dem literarischen Nachlass von Ludwig Wittgenstein. Sie sind im Besitz der Nachlassverwalter, Wren Library, Trinity College, Cambridge. Den Band "Bemerkungen V." hatte Wittgenstein am 11. August 1930 in Osterreich begonnen. Nach den Sommerferien setzt er die Arbeiten in Cambridge fort; dann, uber die Weihnachtsferien in Wien am Band VI, und wieder in Cambridge beendet er schliesslich Band V. Der Band "VI. Philosophische Bemerkungen" ist also Teil und unmittelbare Fortsetzung von Band V. Am Band VI schreibt Wittgenstein in Cambridge bis zum 6. Juli 19

Band 4 der "Wiener Ausgabe" enthalt die Manuskriptbande VII und VIII, Mss 111 und 112 aus dem literarischen Nachlass von Ludwig Wittgenstein. Ms 111 ist im Besitz der Nachlassverwalter, Wren Library, Trinity College, Cambridge. Ms 112 befindet sich in der Handschriften- und Inkunabelsammlung der Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek, Wien, Cod. Ser. n. 22.021. Der Band "VII. Bemerkungen zur Philosophie" ist eine unmittelbare Fortsetzung von Band "VI. Philosophische Bemerkungen," den Wittgenstein am 7. Juli 1931 in Osterreich begonnen hatte. Am 5. Oktober beginnt in direkter Fortsetzung von Band VII der "VIII. Band Bemerkungen zur Philosophischen Grammatik," an dem Wittgenstein bis zum 28. November 1931 arbeitet